Definition and Examples of the English-only Movement

The English-only movement is a political movement that seeks to establish English as the sole official language of the United States or of any particular city or state within the U.S. The expression English-only is primarily used by opponents of the movement. Advocates prefer other terms, such as Official-English Movement. U.S.ENGLISH, Inc. states that it is the nations oldest, largest citizens action group dedicated to preserving the unifying role of the English language in the United States. Founded in 1983 by the late Senator S.I. Hayakawa, an immigrant himself, U.S. English now has 1.8 million members nationwide.​ Commentary President Theodore Roosevelt We have room for but one language in this country, and that is the English language, for we intend to see that the crucible turns our people out as Americans, of American nationality, and not as dwellers in a polyglot boarding house. –Works, 1926 Peter Elbow Its touching when speakers of English argue for purity in the language since English is probably the most impure bastardized language theres ever been. Its slept with every language it ever encountered, even casually. The strength of English comes from how many babies its had with how many partners. –Vernacular Eloquence: What Speech Can Bring to Writing, 2012 Geoffrey Nunberg Given the minor role that language has played in our historical self-conception, it isnt surprising that the current English-only movement began in the political margins, the brainchild of slightly flaky figures like Senator S.I. Hayakawa and John Tanton, a Michigan ophthalmologist who co-founded the U.S. English organization as an outgrowth of his involvement in zero population growth and immigration restriction. (The term English-only was originally introduced by supporters of a 1984 California initiative opposing bilingual ballots, a stalking horse for other official-language measures. Leaders of the movement have since rejected the label, pointing out that they have no objection to the use of foreign languages in the home. But the phrase is a fair characterization of the goals of the movement so far as public life is concerned.)... Considered strictly in the light of the actualities, then, English-only is an irrelevant provocation. It is a bad cure for an imaginary disease, and moreover, one that encourages an unseemly hypochondria about the health of the dominant language and culture. But it is probably a mistake to try to engage the issue primarily at this level, as opponents of these measures have tried to do with little success. Despite the insistence of English-only advocates that they have launched their campaign for the immigrants own good, its hard to avoid the conclusion that the needs of non-English speakers are a pretext, not a rationale, for the movement. At every stage, the success of the movement has depended on its capacity to provoke widespread indignation over allegations that government bilingual programs are promoting a dangerous drift toward a multilingual society. –Speaking of America: Why English-Only Is a Bad Idea. The Workings of Language: From Prescriptions to Perspectives, ed. b y Rebecca S. Wheeler. Greenwood, 1999 Paul Allatson Many commentators regard English-Only as a symptom of a nativist backlash against immigration from Mexico and other Spanish-speaking countries, the ostensible focus on language by proponents often masking deeper fears about the nation under threat from Spanish-speaking peoples (Crawford 1992). At a federal level, English is not the official language of the USA, and any attempt to give English that function would require a Constitutional amendment. However, this is not the case at city, county, and state level across the country, and much of the recent legislative success to enshrine English as the official state, county, or city language is attributable to English-Only. –Key Terms in Latino/a Cultural And Literary Studies, 2007 James Crawford [F]actual support has generally proved unnecessary for English-only proponents to advance their cause. The facts are that, except in isolated locales, immigrants to the United States have typically lost their native languages by the third generation. Historically they have shown an almost gravitational attraction toward English, and there are no signs that this proclivity has changed. To the contrary, recent demographic data analyzed by Veltman (1983, 1988) indicate that rates of anglicization—shift to English as the usual language—are steadily increasing. They now approach or surpass a two-generation pattern among all immigrant groups, including Spanish-speakers, who are most often stigmatized as resistant to English. –At War with Diversity: US Language Policy in an Age of Anxiety, 2000 Kevin Drum I may not have any big objections to making English our official language, but why bother? Far from being unique, Hispanics are just like every other wave of immigrants in American history: they start off speaking Spanish, but the second and third generations end up speaking English. And they do it for obvious reasons: they live among English speakers, they watch English-language television, and its hellishly inconvenient not to speak it. All we have to do is sit back and do nothing, and Hispanic immigrants will eventually all become English speakers. –The Best Way to Promote the English Language Is to Do Nothing, 2016 Opponents Anita K. Barry In 1988, the Conference on College Composition and Communication (CCCC) of the NCTE passed a National Language Policy (Smitherman, 116) that lists as the goals of CCCC: 1. to provide resources to enable native and non-native speakers to achieve oral and literate competence in English, the language of wider communication;2. to support programs that assert the legitimacy of native languages and dialects and ensure that proficiency in ones mother tongue will not be lost; and3. to foster the teaching of languages other than English so that native speakers of English can rediscover the language of their heritage or learn a second language. Some opponents of English-only, including the National Council of Teachers of English and the National Education Association, united in 1987 into a coalition called English Plus, which supports the concept of bilingualism for everyone... –Linguistic Perspectives on Language and Education, 2002 Henry Fountain Fewer than half of the nations in the world have an official language--and sometimes they have more than one. The interesting thing, though, said James Crawford, a writer on language policy, is that a large percentage of them are enacted to protect the rights of language minority groups, not to establish a dominant language. In Canada, for example, French is an official language along with English. Such a policy is intended to protect the francophone population, which has remained distinct for hundreds of years. In the United States we dont have that kind of stable bilingualism, Mr. Crawford said. We have a pattern of very rapid assimilation. A more apt comparison might be to Australia, which like the United States has had high levels of immigration. Australia doesnt have an English-only movement, Mr. Crawford said. While English is the official language, Australia also has a policy that encourages immigrants to preserve their language and English-speakers to learn new ones, all to benefit trade and security. They dont use language as a lightning rod for expressing your views on immigration, Mr. Crawford said. Language has not become a major symbolic dividing line. –In Language Bill, the Language Counts, 2006

Major Types Of Major Depressive Disorder - 1112 Words

Major depressive disorder is a mental disorder characterized by a pervasive and persistent low mood that is accompanied by low self-esteem and by a loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities. The term depression is used in a number of different ways. It is often used to mean this syndrome but may refer to other mood disorders or simply to a low mood. Major depressive disorder is a disabling condition that adversely affects a person s family, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. In the United States, around 3.4% of people with major depression commit suicide, and up to 60% of people who commit suicide had depression or another mood disorder. Suicide is characterized by a few things:†¦show more content†¦It is unclear whether medications affect the risk of suicide. Current and former patients may be stigmatized. The understanding of the nature and causes of depression has evolved over the centuries, though this understanding is incomplete and has left many aspects of depression as the subject of discussion and research. Proposed causes include psychological, psycho-social, hereditary, evolutionary and biological factors. Long-term substance abuse may cause or worsen depressive symptoms. Psychological treatments are based on theories of personality, interpersonal communication, and learning. Most biological theories focus on the monoamine chemicals serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, which are naturally present in the brain and assist communication between nerve cells. This cluster of symptoms was named, described and classified as one of the mood disorders in the 1980 edition of the American Psychiatric Association s diagnostic manual. Major depression significantly affects a person s family and personal relationships, work or school life, sleeping and eating habits, and general health. Its impact on functioning and well-being has been compared to that of chronic medical conditions such as diabetes. A person having a major depressive episode usually exhibits a very low mood, which pervades all aspects of life, and an inability to experience pleasure in activities that were formerly enjoyed. Depressed people may be

Critique of Lars Eighners Dumpster Diving Essay Example For Students

Critique of Lars Eighners Dumpster Diving Essay Yesterday, I threw out an old jar of peanut butter with only about an inch of it left. It had not expired yet, but we had gotten a new jar, and that one simply tasted better. I wasnt supporting the homeless community, or being wasteful, I was just trying to make room in the cabinet. If I would have kept that inch of peanut butter, it wouldnt have made the worlds population of homeless people try to find work, nor want to get off the streets. Lars Eighner is suggesting that when we throw away things, homeless people can find a way to make use out of whatever it is. Therefore, if we dont want there to be bums on the street, it is inferred that we shouldnt throw anything extra out if we want to change that. To me, that is simply ridiculous. We all know, that if someone is desperate enough, they can make use out of almost anything, and some of those things non-homeless folk cant use anymore. Were not feeding or clothing the homeless intentionally, we cant help if people dig through our trash. So, not throwing away anything extra is not going to turn the vagabonds of the world into a fine, upstanding, or hard-working citizen of America. Obviously, I completely disagree with Eighners purpose in writing Dumpster Diving. I think the whole thing is preposterous. The way he makes a general assumption about how everybodys is wasteful is pure ignorance. It seem as if he is saying that the reason why people are homeless is because we throwing out things. Eighner is trying to tell us that people will remain homeless until we start saving more and wasting less, but thats not how it works. Most people dont choose to be homeless. Some even start out having their own companies, or just simply having jobs and comfortable live. . out and got a job. He stopped relying on the trash of people, and simply started working. People werent throwing out more or less, he just simply applied himself. Who cares what we throw out, its not going to make a difference. All-in-all, Eighner fails at his attempt to get us to stop wasting what we cant use. It is easy to see that its not our faults if people are homeless, because we are not contributing to that. Removing clutter and getting rid of junk does not keep people on the streets! Some people are just down-and-out, and theres nothing we can do to help or hurt that. Eighner needs to look at the man in the mirror and realize that if he didnt get a job because people cut off their garbage, then thats not the case. Even though Eighner disagrees with me, today, tomorrow, and the day after that, I will always throw away that inch of peanut butter.

PLATE TECTONICS PAPER Essays - Plate Tectonics, Subduction

PLATE TECTONICS PAPER In 1912 Alfred Wegener, a meteorologist, revived a theory that the continents of the eastern and western hemispheres were once joined. Wegener, along with his followers showed how the east coast of the Americas align with the westside of the Old World, a coincidence that Leonardo da Vinci commented upon. But no one could come up with a convincing way to push, shove, or drift whole continents for thousands of kilometers. It was thought that the deep granite continental masses must somehow plow right through the bedrock of the seafloors. Calculations of energy required produced forbidding estimates, it seemed impossible despite the evidence at hand. In the past ten years a revelation swept through geology and vindicated Wegener, he didn't imagine the mechanism that caused continental drift. The theory of plate tectonics emerged. The Earth's crust is divided into two types of terrain: Continents, which occupy about 40 percent of the Earth's surface and non-continents, which is generally deep ocean. Continental crust is lighter, thicker, and much older. Some that's been found is more than 3 billion years old. The oldest rock under the open sea is only 150 to 250 million years old and much younger. The seashore and the edge of the continent should not be confused. Much of the continents are submerged in shelves extending hundreds of kilometers offshore to a depth of several hundred meters where the continental slope begins. There's a stiff outer rind below the continent and non- continent which is called the lithosphere and is about 100 kilometers thick. Below that is the plastic, the asthenosphere, the thickness difference between the continents and the non-continents is shown by how deep the continents ride into the lithosphere. They are like icebergs with crust extending 35 to 40 kilometers deep, most of it is granite and granulate rocks. More than 75 percent of the continents lie between sea level and about two kilometers in height, while 75 percent of the seabottom lies at the rather great depth of three to six kilometers below sea level. After World War II it was discovered that sediments became progressively thicker away from the mid-Atlantic ridge. The reason was not clear it could be that the sea floor furthest from the ridge was oldest, or something was causing a faster sedimentation rate away from the ridge and near the continents. The conclusive evidence that the whole lot of it - ocean floors, continents, islands and all - are constantly shifting around like ducks in a pond was assembled in the mid-1960's by a team of Cambridge University geologists. The theory of plate tectonics was rapidly assembled: As fast as sea floor comes out of ocean ridges it has to be consumed somewhere. The stiff sheet of lithosphere that appears in the ridges goes down in subduction zones usually marked by deep trenches in the ocean floor. Often the trenches are near continental margins. The continents move and shift, crash into each other from opposite sides of subduction zones, even split apart when spreading zones open across them, but they never go down into the Earth. A common theory is connected to the observation the as the ocean floor moves away from the spreading zones, it drops to progressively greater depths. The Earth is divided into six major plates and a number of smaller ones. Each has three types of boundaries: spreading zones, subduction zones, and shear zones.

Cat Scans essays

Cat Scans essays A CAT Scan or CT Scan is also known as a computed axial tomography. The CT Scan is a technique that allows relatively safe, painless, and rapid diagnosis in previously inaccessible areas of the body. An X-ray tube, rotating around a specific area of the body, delivers an appropriate amount of X radiation for the tissue being studied. It then takes pictures of that part of the internal anatomy from different angles. The CT Scan creates a type of X-ray that uses a computer to produce detailed cross-sectional images of the body. A computer program is then used to form a composite, a readable image. The images are then assembled in a computer into a three-dimensional picture that can display organs, bones, blood, and soft tissues in great detail. A CT Scan can take 10 minutes to about an hour depending on the area of the body to be examined. CT Scans are done in various parts of the body. For example, CT Scans can be done in the pulmonary area to check for fluid (pulmonary edema), which could be a sign of congestive heart failure. CT Scans may also be done on the head for emergency treatment for a stroke. A scan of the back would show any problems with bulging or herniated discs. Also, a CT Scan may be done to assess for tumors or other disorders in other areas of the body. There are some precautions to consider before a CT Scan exam can be administered. Since the CT Scan uses X-rays, pregnant women should not have an abdominal or chest CT Scan done. During the exam the physician will need to use a special dye, so the patient should report any history of blood clotting or allergic reactions to iodine, shellfish (crab or shrimp) or strawberries to the physician before the exam. There are different methods of preparation depending on the type of CT Scan performed. For a CT Scan performed on the head there is no preparation unless a contrast medium is ordered, then you should not eat or drink for 4 to 6 hours before the ex ...

Top 17 Exposures Needed to Learn New Words

Top 17 Exposures Needed to Learn New Words While technically not a muscle, a students brain benefits from regular daily exercise. Where there are health and fitness  experts who design routines and make recommendations for building specific body muscles using  repetition (reps) in sets, there are U.S. Department of Education experts who recommend the  learning of vocabulary through repetition (reps) or exposure to a word. So, just how many repetitions do these education experts say are necessary?  Research shows the optimum number of repetitions for vocabulary to go into the long-term memory of the brain is 17 repetitions. These 17 repetitions must come in a variety of methods over planned periods of time. The Brain Needs 17  Repetitions   Students process information during the school day into their neural network.  The brains neural networks form, store, and re-form information into long-term memory that can be recalled like files on a computer or tablet. In order for a new vocabulary word to make the journey into the brains long term memory, a student must be exposed to the word in timed intervals; 17  timed intervals to be exact. Teachers need to limit the amount of information presented per unit of time and repeat it cyclically throughout the day. That means students should never be given a long list of vocabulary words for one exposure and then be expected to retain the list for a quiz or test months later.  Instead, a small group of vocabulary words should be introduced or explicitly taught for several minutes at the beginning of a class (first exposure) and then revisited, 25-90 minutes later, at the end of class (second exposure). Homework might constitute the third exposure. In this way, over the course of six days, students can be exposed to a group of words for the optimum number of 17 times. The experts from the U.S. Department of Education  also strongly suggest that teachers  dedicate a portion of the regular classroom lesson to explicit vocabulary instruction. Teachers should also vary this explicit instruction by taking advantage of the way the brain learns, and include multiple instruction strategies that are auditory (hear the words) and visual (see the words). Build Vocabulary Muscles Just like a body workout, a brain workout for vocabulary should not be boring. Doing the same activity over and over will not help the brain develop the necessary new neural connections. Teachers should expose students to the same vocabulary words in a variety of ways: visual, audio, tactile, kinesthetic, graphically, and orally.  The list below of 17 different types of exposures follows the design of the  Six Steps for Effective Vocabulary Instruction, a set of recommendations by education researcher Robert Marzano.  These 17 repeated exposures begin with introductory activities and end with games. 1. Have students start with a sort by having them separate out the words in ways that make sense to them. (Ex: words I know vs. words I dont know or words that are nouns, verbs, or adjectives) 2. Provide students with a description, explanation, or example of the new term. (Note: Having students look up words in dictionaries is not useful for teaching vocabulary. If the vocabulary word list is not associated with or taken from a text, try and provide a context for the word or introduce direct experiences that can give students examples of the term.) 3. Tell a story or show a video that integrates the vocabulary word(s). Have students create their own videos using the word(s) to share with others.   4. Ask students to find or create pictures that explain the word(s). Have students create symbols, graphics or comic strips to represent the word(s).   5. Ask students to restate the description, explanation, or example in their own words. According to Marzano, this is an important repetition that must be included. 6. If applicable, use morphology and highlight the prefixes, suffixes, and root words (decoding) that will help students remember the meaning of the word. 7.  Have students create lists of synonyms and antonyms for the word. (Note: Students can combine #4, #5, #6, #7 into the Frayer model, a  four-square graphic organizer for building student vocabulary.) 8. Offer incomplete analogies for students to complete or allow students to write (or draw) their own analogies. (Ex: Medicine:illness as law:_________). 9. Have students engage in conversation using vocabulary words. Students can be in pairs to share and discuss their definitions  (Think-Pair-Share). This is particularly important for EL students who need to develop speaking and listening skills. 10. Have students create a concept map or  graphic organizer that has students draw an illustration representing vocabulary words to help them think about related concepts and examples. 11. Develop word walls that display vocabulary words in different ways.  Word walls are more effective when they are interactive, with words that can be easily added, removed or rearranged. Use pocket charts, or index cards with peel-and-stick Velcro, or peel-and-stick magnetic strips. 12. Have students use the activities on mobile vocabulary apps: Quizlet; IntelliVocab for SAT, etc. 13.  Cover a wall with paper and have students create  word posters or graffiti  the walls with vocabulary scribbles. 14. Create crossword puzzles or have student design their own crossword puzzles (free software programs available) using vocabulary words. 15. Have students interview a word by  teams as a class or small group activity. Give one team a word and list of interview questions. Have students â€Å"become† the word and write an answer to questions. Without revealing the word, someone acts as the interviewer and asks the questions to guess the word. 16. Organize the activity Kick Me:  Students find answers to blanks on a worksheet by looking at the words that the teacher has put on students’ backs using labels. This encourages movement in the lesson thus increasing student focus, engagement, and retention of information. 17. Have students play games that are adapted for vocabulary words and definitions: Pictionary, Memory, Jeopardy, Charades, $100,000 Pyramid, Bingo.  Games like these help teachers energize students and guide them in the review and use of vocabulary in collaborative and cooperative ways.

The film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow Essay

The film Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow - Essay Example The motion picture comes into view in a stylized edition of the 1930s which is a plot where the entire world is on a big screen. The movie is about a person named Joe "Sky Captain" Sullivan (Jude Law) who is a sturdy explorer and comes to save the city in his personal aircraft at the time when the people need him. Polly Perkins (Gwyneth Paltrow) is an intrepid journalist for The Chronicle, as well as a Joe’s past lover. Dex Dearborn (Giovanni Ribisi) is Joe’s assistant and Franky Cook (Angelina Jolie), is the commander of British aircraft who provides a helping hand to Joe every time he needs it. The whole movie revolves around the good and the bad people fighting and the battle starts when an army of colossal robots attack in Manhattan and start trampling with things all over the place. And then the hero Sky Captain enters and saves the day. It turns out that the assaults of the robots are associated with the disappearance of six famous scientists, a story that Polly Perkins is scrutinizing into. All of the clues point to Dr. Totenkopf, but his place is unknown. When Dex is apprehended, Joe comes to a conclusion to go after him, and Polly makes a decision that she wont be left behind and goes along with Joe. Saving the world becomes an almost inferior thought then saving their friend. The opening scenes of the movie are very fascinating as advanced technology is used which makes the movie more interesting to watch and much has been said about how the chief part of the movie was acted in front of blue screens (computer generated backgrounds were later added).It is the first movie ever which is shot completely adjacent to a blue screen and the scenes were added later. The technology is used sensibly and in a positive way to make the movie more real to its viewers. Another very good way in using the technology and the best part of the movie is the additional digital improvement which permits the late Sir Laurence Olivier (who died in 1989) to give an

How Russia Viewed the Bush Presidency Term Paper

How Russia Viewed the Bush Presidency - Term Paper Example ning that main criterion in assessing the situation in Iraq should be the weapons inspectors findings, which must be presented to the United Nations Security Council. Russia, along with France and China, believed that the U.N. Resolution 1441 that created a new tough inspections regime, would be necessary for the United Russia had joined the coalition against terror, promising to share intelligence and offering political support to the US president. President Putin promised to increase the supply of weapons to the Northern Alliance in Afghanistan. Russia had supplied the Northern Alliance with arms to be used in Afghanistan against Taliban. He also offered to open Russian airspace to US airplanes for humanitarian flights, and to participate in search and rescue operations. When the leaders of the Central Asian States offered bases to the coalition for the attack against Afghanistan, Putin announced that he had approved the offer. However, it is important that there were vast differences between the two countries in their perception of terrorism. In Russia the origins of the terrorist threat lay in the weakness of the state. Political instability, poverty and inequality in Russia in the 1990s provided a fertile climate for radical groups to attract followers and for foreign Islamic networks to penetrate the country. Russia and the United States are also dealing with different enemies. The United States’ chief enemy in the war against terrorism is al-Qaeda. In Russia, however, the terrorist threat originates primarily in Chechnya. Russia seemed to get very little benefit from its cooperation with the coalition against terrorism. As a realist and a pragmatist, Putin understood that Russia would become irrelevant if it did not cooperate in the coalition against terrorism, but he also believed that knowledge of the difficulties of fighting in Afghanistan, the intelligence that Russia had been gathering and its relationship with the Northern Alliance were assets

Chicken run Essay Example for Free

Chicken run Essay Executive summary: 1998, Excel Poultry Meat Sdn Bhd (EPM) was a SME located in Kluang, Johor, operating business of chicken farming and supplying chicken throughout Malaysia. This subsidiary of PCK holding since 2005 was managed by Encik Selamat, a Certified Public Accountant (CPA). It became one of top 5 chicken suppliers within mid-tier producers in the country due to increasing demand in year 2000 from superstores and fast-food chains, high chicken consumption by Malaysian, and expansion of chicken industry. However, in 2008, cost of poultry production increased. EPM operating cash was low and severe, that it â€Å"had puzzled Encik Selamat† (p. 4). Other problems were also identified. Decision Maker: Credit Controller Ms Choy is the decision maker as she has the responsibility to make the right decision regarding unethical conduct of Encik Selamat, she can convince Board of Directors about En. Selamat. If she failed to convince BOD to take action, she can then reveal the issue to the auditor, besides mentioning to the auditor the lack of segregation of duty in the business operation. She can execute and monitor implementation and performance of employees under her responsibility and convince her friend, Puan Azura to do the same. What should Ms. Choy do? Analysis: 1) SWOT analysis S – STRENGTHS | W – WEAKNESSES | * One of top 5 chicken suppliers * Continuing profitability and growth * Good promotional strategy * Qualified accountant (Encik Kasim) * Reliable Credit Controller (Ms Choy) * Encik Selamat’s reputation in community| * En. Selamat’s lack of expertise in poultry and meat industry * 2008’s operational crisis * Lack of focus of business operation * Cash flow issue * Conflict of interest * Possible error/ fraud/fictitious transaction * En. Selamat’s connection | O – OPPORTUNITIES | T – THREATS | * Malaysians’ highest consumption rates * Popular quick-service restaurants * East Coast Economics Region (ECER) * Emerging of giant superstores * Institutional retailing| * Production cost had risen about 56. 5% * Drop in demand * Credit limit of Cold Gold| The company has strong position in the industry as it is one of top 5 chicken suppliers. This means that EPM has a big portion of the market share in the industry. EPM also is strong for its sustained profit and growth. EPM had been able to maintain its operations and started making profit since the buoyant demand of chicken consumption. Besides, with initial capital of RM3. 6 million and starting with 20 employees, now, EPM had more than 200 employees. Occupied with good promotional strategy, EPM’s management team seized every opportunity in the industry. Moreover, EPM has capable key employees, which two of them are a qualified accountant, Encik Kasim and a reliable Credit Controller, Ms Choy. These employees contribute significantly towards the operation of EPM especially in the finance sector. In addition, Encik Selamat’s reputation in community is a strong influence of EPM towards the society where EPM was based. He was a public figure that will be contested in the local city council. En. Selamat’s lack of expertise in poultry and meat industry contributed a negative element in EPM as En. Selamat need to gain skills and expertise in the industry. Even though he was especially worried about the current unfavorable condition of EPM, his experience in this industry may not be sufficient. Besides, 2008’s operational crisis of EPM placed En. Selamat away from a smooth career track as recorded before 2008. EPM was lack of focus of business operation as it was at the infant stage and yet to mature in a proper method of management. Next, within EPM, there was cash flow issue and the company had to resort to short term borrowing which subjected to higher interest payment obligations. There was conflict of interest between Encik Selamat’s personal deal with Encik Azman, former college mate which was one of the executive of Cold Gold and the company’s interest. Cold Gold was one of EPM’s major customers. This relationship may impair En. Selamat’s judgment. In EPM, a few possible error/ fraud/fictitious transactions were detected, especially the irregularities in debtors’ account. The symptoms lead to a conclusion that it was caused by the former employee of EPM, En. Munir. Another factor that can be considered as EPM’s weakness point is En. Selamat’s connection with parent company of EPM, PCK Holding, where En. Selamat might be able to secure his position in EPM despite the problem he created without facing any punishment. The industry is in quite a potential market where Malaysians’ highest consumption rates of poultry and meat product. Malaysia was having one of the highest per capita consumption rates in the world for chicken (32. 5 kg) and eggs (298 units) and there were no dietary prohibitions (during these years) and religious restrictions against chicken consumption. In addition to household and traditional delicacies demand, the surge of popular quick-service restaurants from outside Malaysia and home-grown fast food chains intensified the market. Besides being the recognized poultry exporter, the industry was supported by the government through the East Coast Economics Region (ECER) as the poultry sector was part of the plan. Emerging of giant superstores and institutional retailing also enhanced the bright future of the industry. Despite the favorable situations in the market, EPM faced threat of chicken feed which resulting the production cost to rise about 56. 5%. Federation of Livestock Farmers’ Associations of Malaysia (FLFAM) made a call for higher chicken prices in order to protect producers’ earning in the face of feed cost hike. However, when the sellers did increase the retail price, some producers complained that they seen a drop in demand. Another threat was the credit limit of Cold Gold Sdn Bhd which had exceeded its level. This has significant effect to the company as Cold Gold is one of EPM’s major customers multiplied with the other issues faced by EPM. Increment in production cost Drop in demand Low cash flow High interest expense INABILITY TO PREDICT ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE FORCAST CONSEQUENCES: LACK OF COORDINATION IN CONTROL AND REPORTING: Credit limit control Debtor confirmation Misstatement Lack of segregation of duty LACK OF COMMITMENT FROM SENIOR MANAGEMENT: Lack of expertise Lack of focus Conflict of interest Unethical behavior Reluctance in taking action LOW PERFORMANCE 2) Fishbone diagram According to Peter Drucker, â€Å"management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things†. Thus, the major issue in this case is unorganized management which leads to bad performance of the company. EPM faced problem as it fails to get commitment from senior management. As a leader, Encik Selamat was lacking of expertise in poultry industry, actively involved in social and community work instead of focusing more on business operation like, had conflict of interest (agency problem) while handling credit limit issue, and had under table deal with the client. Director himself had shown lack of leadership skill and ethical awareness as he kept silent regarding the unethical behavior of Encik Selamat and had more concern on reputation than ethical conduct. Besides, management of EPM is lacking of coordination in control and reporting. This can be seen from the severity of insufficient cash flow which was noticed only when significant borrowings had been made, high expenses, and loss incurred. Lack of segregation of duty also had given wide opportunity for misstatement by employees. Finally, EPM fails to predict environmental change regarding cost of production that leads to low profit making as EMP did not make any preparation or back-up plan to overcome such problems. 3) Financial Evidence on the operation of EPM: Financial Ratio Ratio| Formula| 2006| 2007| 2008| Interpretation| GP ratio (%)| (GP/Sales)*100| 5. 4845| 1. 6542| 1. 0814| Due to increment in COGS, EPM is profiting only 1 cent for every dollar of product sold in 2008| Inventory turnover ratio| COGS/Inventory| 16. 6774| 36. 0667| 28. 4962| EPM is turning over its inventory on average, 3 times per month in 2007 while this reduces to twice per month in 2008. | AR turnover ratio| Net sales/AR| 4. 3071| 3. 3957| 2. 8808| EPM takes around 3 months to collect its debt in 2006, while it takes more than 4 months in 2008. | Days to collect AR| 365/AR turnover ratio| 84. 7441| 107. 49| 126. 702| | Description of case exhibit (Account abstract): %Increase| 06to07| In 2007, cost increased while revenue did not increase much, and operating loss was recorded as retail price was only increased in August 2008. Thus, increment of revenue from in 2008 by 36. 16% corresponds with increment in cost in that year. Expenses took 30% of operating profit in 2006 while it took almost twice the operating profit in 2008. This might be due to interest payment made for short-term borrowing. Increment in trade receivable may not be the true amount as there were cases of misstatement. Stock in 2008 was higher due to lower demand. 07to08| Rev| 0. 57| 36. 16| COGS| 4. 64| 36. 95| Oper profit| -69. 67| -10. 99| Exp| 37. 50| 45. 45| Net| -108. 64| -315. 79| Trade rec| 27. 56| 60. 49| Stock| -51. 61| 73. 33| Trade cr| 62. 16| 50. 00| Alternatives available to the protagonist: Option 1: Ms. Choy can choose not to disclose the issues that she managed to investigate within EPM. This will benefit in saving the reputation of the company in public as well as the General Manager, Encik Selamat to secure his reputation in the coming city council election. Besides, Ms. Choy can justify her action of not bringing the matter up as Encik Selamat is an important staff of EPM and she had done her part by approaching one of the directors who was reluctant to take action against Encik Selamat. The drawbacks of this choice are ethical aspect and long term impact towards the company as a whole. Choosing not to disclose the facts is an unethical behavior on Ms Choy’s part. As for the long term, the public will find out the reality of the company as time goes because the auditors are likely to question the irregularities and Ms Choy will be interrogated. In the end, the company, En Selamat and Ms Choy need to face the huge impact of being nontransparent to the stakeholders. Option 2: Ms Choy has the right to disclose her findings straight to the external auditors as she has no direct authority to take any action towards the misappropriate culture in the company as well as the director which she had approached was hesitated to do so. By this, Ms Choy’s responsibility to report to public is passed to auditors and the problem is most likely will be solved. However, this aggressive decision will affect EPM severely in terms of drop in share price and reputation. Besides, the share price of the parent company will be affected too and the dropping trend will continue for a long time. Furthermore, the reputation of Encik Selamat will be highlighted by the public and media, subsequent of the auditors’ disclosure. Option 3: Ms Choy can opt to disclose the matter internally to the board of directors. Besides, she had found evidences to support her claims about the low performance of EPM. The benefit that EPM will gain from her disclosure is to ratify the problem before the auditors’ visit the following month. If the auditor is not satisfied with EPM’s condition, justification of ratification can be made and EPM will not be punished with qualified financial reports, which is not favorable. This decision may result in impairment of EPM’s and PCK’s reputation and share prices but the impact will be lower than the second option above. Recommendation and action plan: Based on analysis above, it is recommended for Ms Choy to choose Option 3 which is to disclose the matter internally to the board of directors. Suggested steps to follow are: 1. Bring the matter with sufficient evidences and justifications together with possible solution to board of directors 2. Check whether EPM has a written guideline relating to these issues and take proper actions against these issues (e. g. salary cut, not giving bonus etc. ) 3. If no written guideline is established, in case to avoid similar situation in the future, Ms. Choy should suggest for EPM to; a. Set up and appoint an independent committees of directors to monitor the performance and compensation of staffs b. Establish policies for clear ethical conducts, job scopes and management of EPM especially to solve ethical and agency problems c. Establish a whistle-blowing policies to encourage staffs to report any irregularities d. Communicate and implement guidelines and policies across levels of management, and absorb them as the EPM’s corporate culture to be shared within the organization.

Essay --

Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley conducted a clinical language intervention at Turner House Preschool in Kansas City, Kansas. Most interventions use an IQ test as measurement, but they chose to instead look at the growth of the everyday language of the children. The test also included University of Kansas professors' children for comparison. The language intensive activities used resulted in a spur of new vocabulary words, but the effects were only temporary. By the time the children moved to kindergarten, the effects from the vocabulary boost were gone. There was a noticeable difference in vocabulary growth rate between the Turner House children and the professors' children. This concluded that if they were to understand the reasons for the different developmental trajectories, they would have to examine the very start of vocabulary growth. They looked at 42 families for an hour each month and children from 7-9 months old until three years old. Families were selectively recruited through birth announcements. Betty and Todd wanted to make sure they had a diverse and reliable selection. Selected families spanned almost the whole socioeconomic ladder. Thirteen were upper class, ten were in the middle, thirteen were lower class, and six were on welfare. After years analyzing the collected data they saw the first results. The children's vocabularies were greatly influenced by their parents. The welfare family children had the smallest vocabulary and lowest rate of vocabulary growth. These children's skills were diverging from the skills of the professors' children. Curious to see if the children's initial vocabulary would influence school performance at ages 9-10, Betty and Todd hired Dale Walker to examine this. His findings w... ...kheim defines what he calls â€Å"social fact† in his book â€Å"The Rules of the Sociological Method† is â€Å"the beliefs, tendencies, and practices of the group taken collectively†. This could also be read as â€Å"the religious denominations, political and literary schools, and occupational corporations of a particular social system†. Social fact can’t exist without well-defined social organization. Durkheim claims â€Å"most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from the outside†. This ties back to what â€Å"The 30 Million Word Gap† was about. The social facts imposed on children by their parents and teachers will precisely shape the child’s image. As the child grows older and becomes part of their society, their ways of thinking and feeling exist outside of their consciousness. Whether they realize it or not, their social fact has been imposed on them. Essay -- Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley conducted a clinical language intervention at Turner House Preschool in Kansas City, Kansas. Most interventions use an IQ test as measurement, but they chose to instead look at the growth of the everyday language of the children. The test also included University of Kansas professors' children for comparison. The language intensive activities used resulted in a spur of new vocabulary words, but the effects were only temporary. By the time the children moved to kindergarten, the effects from the vocabulary boost were gone. There was a noticeable difference in vocabulary growth rate between the Turner House children and the professors' children. This concluded that if they were to understand the reasons for the different developmental trajectories, they would have to examine the very start of vocabulary growth. They looked at 42 families for an hour each month and children from 7-9 months old until three years old. Families were selectively recruited through birth announcements. Betty and Todd wanted to make sure they had a diverse and reliable selection. Selected families spanned almost the whole socioeconomic ladder. Thirteen were upper class, ten were in the middle, thirteen were lower class, and six were on welfare. After years analyzing the collected data they saw the first results. The children's vocabularies were greatly influenced by their parents. The welfare family children had the smallest vocabulary and lowest rate of vocabulary growth. These children's skills were diverging from the skills of the professors' children. Curious to see if the children's initial vocabulary would influence school performance at ages 9-10, Betty and Todd hired Dale Walker to examine this. His findings w... ...kheim defines what he calls â€Å"social fact† in his book â€Å"The Rules of the Sociological Method† is â€Å"the beliefs, tendencies, and practices of the group taken collectively†. This could also be read as â€Å"the religious denominations, political and literary schools, and occupational corporations of a particular social system†. Social fact can’t exist without well-defined social organization. Durkheim claims â€Å"most of our ideas and tendencies are not developed by ourselves, but come to us from the outside†. This ties back to what â€Å"The 30 Million Word Gap† was about. The social facts imposed on children by their parents and teachers will precisely shape the child’s image. As the child grows older and becomes part of their society, their ways of thinking and feeling exist outside of their consciousness. Whether they realize it or not, their social fact has been imposed on them.

Relevance of Shakespeare Today

The relevance of Shakespeare is, in my opinion, unquestionable, even in contemporary times. Not only is his contribution to the English language immense in its proportions, but also enduring. Even today, William Shakespeare is a household name the world over. He is quite literally, the figure-head of English literature, even to the average layman. Innumerable versions of his immortal works are seen again and again in our films, plays and even our writing. His simple yet deep concepts have stood the test of time and are still as insightful as they were in his day.Over the years, there have been several adaptations both on stage and in film of Shakespearean works. His plays have inspired successful Hollywood films such 10 Things I Hate About You, based on Taming of the Shrew. The Indian film industry too has drawn heavily on Shakespeare as seen in movies like Angoor, where the plot is drawn almost entirely from A Comedy of Errors and Omkara, an adaptation of Othello. One of his most we ll-known plays, Romeo and Juliet, has inspired scores of movies such as Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet, and the more recent Ishaqzaade.To add to this, there have been countless stage productions of his plays. His works continue to captivate audiences to this day. His most popular plays are still a source of ideas to filmmakers in need of a muse. Although it has been said that his plots were repetitive and they are viewed as cliched and overdone from today’s standpoint, the fact remains that these very stories are what draw audiences time after time. A pioneer in his art, he flouted all theatrical conventions of his time and in doing so, altered the very structure of drama.Critics have noted his disregard for Aristotle’s rules regarding literary unities, but in the words of Pope, â€Å"To judge of Shakespeare by Aristotle's rules, is like trying a man by the laws of one country who acted under those of another†. Pope, in the Preface to his six-folio edition o f the works of Shakespeare also says, â€Å"Shakespeare is not so much an imitator, as an instrument of nature†. This, undoubtedly, was a response to the accusations of several scholars that all of Shakespeare’s work was, in fact, indebted to Christopher Marlowe.They even went as far as to attribute all of the innovations and dramatic techniques that first appeared in Shakespeare’s writing to Marlowe. Despite such harsh criticism and vilification, the works of Shakespeare are today some of the most celebrated in English literature. Shakespeare’s approach to writing plays revolutionized Elizabethan theatre. Such forwardness of thought and modernity of outlook was previously unseen in his day and age. He addressed contentious subjects that his contemporaries had hitherto not considered.He started the trend of writing in blank verse, which transformed all preceding dramatic norms. He used language according to his own fashion, coining words and expressions t hat have today become so commonplace, that they seem to have been part of the very idiom of language. To this day, expressions such as ‘too much of a good thing’ (As You Like It), ‘in my mind's eye’ (Hamlet), ‘it was Greek to me’ (Julius Caesar), ‘break the ice’ (The Taming of the Shrew) and ‘bated breath’ (The Merchant of Venice) are used in everyday speech and writing.Shakespearean quotes such as â€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question† (Hamlet – Act III, Scene I) and â€Å"This above all: to thine own self be true† (Hamlet – Act I, Scene III) have passed into standard usage. His plays were written keeping in mind the tastes and preferences of the Elizabethan audiences. He wrote sonnets to appease his patrons and keep a stable income, which enabled him to further his career as a playwright. Not only did his writing have to appeal to the nobles, but also to the commoners, the  "groundlings†.Accepting the challenge, Shakespeare incorporated into his writing not only grandiose depictions of scenes of historical importance, but also earthy, rustic humour in order to please the masses. The themes he dealt with, although in accordance with a particular setting, were universal and easy to relate to irrespective of social class or position. There are few others who hold such widespread acclaim as William Shakespeare. His writing has influenced several writers through the ages, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, John Steinbeck, Aldous Huxley, William Faulkner and Pearl S Buck, to name a few.A number of writers have quoted Shakespeare in their writing or drawn their titles from his works. Thomas Hardy chose Under the Greenwood Tree as the title for one of his novels, alluding to the following lines from As You Like It: â€Å"Under the green wood tree / Who loves to lie with me / And turn his merry note / Unto the sweet bird's throat. † From King John†™s definition of life: â€Å"Life is as tedious as a twice told tale / Vexing the dull air of a drowsy man. The title, Twice Told Tales was taken by both, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Charles Dickens. Aldous Huxley derived the title of his science fiction Brave New World from The Tempest: â€Å"O, wonder! / How many goodly creatures are there here! / How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world / That hath such people in it. † Pearl S Buck named her collected works Words of Love, which was taken from King Lear: â€Å"And your large speeches may your deeds approve / That good effects may spring from words of love. John Steinbeck drew the title of his novel The Winter of Our Discontent from the soliloquy of Richard III: â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this son of York. † The title of William Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury is taken from the soliloquy of Macbeth: â€Å"It is a tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury / Sig nifying nothing. † The astute quality of Shakespeare’s plots is highlighted by the depth of the characterization.Shakespeare’s portrayal of both minor as well as major characters in all of his plays is intricate and inclusive. Few writers have been able to provide such consistent renderings in their works. Such detailed development in terms of plot and character has so far not been rivalled. Despite new advances, Shakespeare’s colossal role in the progression of English literature remains unparalleled till date. In particular, it was Shakespeare’s ability to effortlessly mingle comedy with tragedy that led to his fame, and what makes his works invaluable even today.In the Preface to Dr. Johnson’s edition of Shakespeare (1765), he writes, â€Å"This is the praise of Shakespeare, that his drama is the mirror of life; that he who has mazed his imagination in following the phantoms which other writers raise up before him, may here be cured of hi s delirious ecstasies by reading human sentiments in human language; by scenes from which a hermit may estimate the transactions of the world, and a confessor predict the progress of the passions. I thereby conclude by once again affirming the relevance of Shakespeare in contemporary times as is plainly seen by the vast influence his work has had on the advancement of the English language and the course of development of English literature. Relevance of Shakespeare Today The relevance of Shakespeare is, in my opinion, unquestionable, even in contemporary times. Not only is his contribution to the English language immense in its proportions, but also enduring. Even today, William Shakespeare is a household name the world over. He is quite literally, the figure-head of English literature, even to the average layman. Innumerable versions of his immortal works are seen again and again in our films, plays and even our writing. His simple yet deep concepts have stood the test of time and are still as insightful as they were in his day.Over the years, there have been several adaptations both on stage and in film of Shakespearean works. His plays have inspired successful Hollywood films such 10 Things I Hate About You, based on Taming of the Shrew. The Indian film industry too has drawn heavily on Shakespeare as seen in movies like Angoor, where the plot is drawn almost entirely from A Comedy of Errors and Omkara, an adaptation of Othello. One of his most we ll-known plays, Romeo and Juliet, has inspired scores of movies such as Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet, and the more recent Ishaqzaade.To add to this, there have been countless stage productions of his plays. His works continue to captivate audiences to this day. His most popular plays are still a source of ideas to filmmakers in need of a muse. Although it has been said that his plots were repetitive and they are viewed as cliched and overdone from today’s standpoint, the fact remains that these very stories are what draw audiences time after time. A pioneer in his art, he flouted all theatrical conventions of his time and in doing so, altered the very structure of drama.Critics have noted his disregard for Aristotle’s rules regarding literary unities, but in the words of Pope, â€Å"To judge of Shakespeare by Aristotle's rules, is like trying a man by the laws of one country who acted under those of another†. Pope, in the Preface to his six-folio edition o f the works of Shakespeare also says, â€Å"Shakespeare is not so much an imitator, as an instrument of nature†. This, undoubtedly, was a response to the accusations of several scholars that all of Shakespeare’s work was, in fact, indebted to Christopher Marlowe.They even went as far as to attribute all of the innovations and dramatic techniques that first appeared in Shakespeare’s writing to Marlowe. Despite such harsh criticism and vilification, the works of Shakespeare are today some of the most celebrated in English literature. Shakespeare’s approach to writing plays revolutionized Elizabethan theatre. Such forwardness of thought and modernity of outlook was previously unseen in his day and age. He addressed contentious subjects that his contemporaries had hitherto not considered.He started the trend of writing in blank verse, which transformed all preceding dramatic norms. He used language according to his own fashion, coining words and expressions t hat have today become so commonplace, that they seem to have been part of the very idiom of language. To this day, expressions such as ‘too much of a good thing’ (As You Like It), ‘in my mind's eye’ (Hamlet), ‘it was Greek to me’ (Julius Caesar), ‘break the ice’ (The Taming of the Shrew) and ‘bated breath’ (The Merchant of Venice) are used in everyday speech and writing.Shakespearean quotes such as â€Å"To be, or not to be: that is the question† (Hamlet – Act III, Scene I) and â€Å"This above all: to thine own self be true† (Hamlet – Act I, Scene III) have passed into standard usage. His plays were written keeping in mind the tastes and preferences of the Elizabethan audiences. He wrote sonnets to appease his patrons and keep a stable income, which enabled him to further his career as a playwright. Not only did his writing have to appeal to the nobles, but also to the commoners, the  "groundlings†.Accepting the challenge, Shakespeare incorporated into his writing not only grandiose depictions of scenes of historical importance, but also earthy, rustic humour in order to please the masses. The themes he dealt with, although in accordance with a particular setting, were universal and easy to relate to irrespective of social class or position. There are few others who hold such widespread acclaim as William Shakespeare. His writing has influenced several writers through the ages, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy, John Steinbeck, Aldous Huxley, William Faulkner and Pearl S Buck, to name a few.A number of writers have quoted Shakespeare in their writing or drawn their titles from his works. Thomas Hardy chose Under the Greenwood Tree as the title for one of his novels, alluding to the following lines from As You Like It: â€Å"Under the green wood tree / Who loves to lie with me / And turn his merry note / Unto the sweet bird's throat. † From King John†™s definition of life: â€Å"Life is as tedious as a twice told tale / Vexing the dull air of a drowsy man. The title, Twice Told Tales was taken by both, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Charles Dickens. Aldous Huxley derived the title of his science fiction Brave New World from The Tempest: â€Å"O, wonder! / How many goodly creatures are there here! / How beauteous mankind is! O brave new world / That hath such people in it. † Pearl S Buck named her collected works Words of Love, which was taken from King Lear: â€Å"And your large speeches may your deeds approve / That good effects may spring from words of love. John Steinbeck drew the title of his novel The Winter of Our Discontent from the soliloquy of Richard III: â€Å"Now is the winter of our discontent / Made glorious summer by this son of York. † The title of William Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury is taken from the soliloquy of Macbeth: â€Å"It is a tale / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury / Sig nifying nothing. † The astute quality of Shakespeare’s plots is highlighted by the depth of the characterization.Shakespeare’s portrayal of both minor as well as major characters in all of his plays is intricate and inclusive. Few writers have been able to provide such consistent renderings in their works. Such detailed development in terms of plot and character has so far not been rivalled. Despite new advances, Shakespeare’s colossal role in the progression of English literature remains unparalleled till date. In particular, it was Shakespeare’s ability to effortlessly mingle comedy with tragedy that led to his fame, and what makes his works invaluable even today.In the Preface to Dr. Johnson’s edition of Shakespeare (1765), he writes, â€Å"This is the praise of Shakespeare, that his drama is the mirror of life; that he who has mazed his imagination in following the phantoms which other writers raise up before him, may here be cured of hi s delirious ecstasies by reading human sentiments in human language; by scenes from which a hermit may estimate the transactions of the world, and a confessor predict the progress of the passions. I thereby conclude by once again affirming the relevance of Shakespeare in contemporary times as is plainly seen by the vast influence his work has had on the advancement of the English language and the course of development of English literature.

Case Study of “Sterling Marking Products Inc Essay

Coming into my role in 1986 to oversee the international marketing, Sterling had begun exporting sub-assemblies to the U.K. Sterling is now utilizing Julius Blumberg to expand sales into the US. Our sales within both markets are currently not living up to what the International Marketing Committee believes to be our true potential. Regarding sales within the US, Sterling needs to leverage the knowledge and information gained from doing business through Julius Blumberg to establish a direct line of sales within the country. Simply being in a catalog of another company is not meeting expectations. We need to leverage the aggressive, direct sales methods we saw succeed; given that Blumberg does not feel comfortable with this line of marketing, we should look to establish a subsidiary within the country to gain direct oversight over the operations. With close proximity of major urban centers to our Canadian offices, I feel that this can be accomplished with minimal risk. Noting that the increase in lawyers and incorporations year over year is 10x that of Canada the possible returns outweigh the overall risk involved in seeking a more direct expansion into the US market. Looking at the current environment in the UK, I see a different situation and path. The UK represents Sterling’s best potential market in Europe given its legal requirements for seals and its 2.5x yearly increase in lawyers and incorporations compared to Canada. Unfortunately, with a VAT of 15%, manufacturing within the UK will decrease overall margins. Continuing to manufacturer within Canada at our current facilities will alleviate the VAT and only subject us to the 4.7% tariff. We will also be able to forgo any additional manufacturing facility costs, or at least delay them until we have significant market penetration. I recommend, that we approach a direct partnership with one of the three smaller agents in the UK market; either Jordan, Davis, or London Law. In our approach to potential partners, we should leverage our ability to enter the market ourselves and push them out of the market in our contract negotiations. I would recommend that we do not approach Bolson’s as we will gain more leverage on the lesser three since they would have more to lose by another major producer entering the market (ie they get pushed out of the market completely). This partnership will allow us entry into the UK at minimal overhead costs and put us in a scenario where we can drive how our product is positioned and marketed while leveraging the local market understanding and knowledge of the partnering  company. Currently, we have been approached by representatives in additional countries. I highly recommend that before we move into another international market we strengthen our approach and sales penetration in the US and UK. Once successful, I believe that we should begin working towards penetration in the Japanese market. With 82,000+ lawyers and a similar GNP per capita to Canada and the US, Japan may represent our next best opportunity to expand internationally.

The Affects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle in Older Humans essays

The Affects of Aging on Skeletal Muscle in Older Humans essays With the onset of 2000, the average North Americans life span has been extended by three years. The predictable consequences are detrimental changes in body composition, including loss of lean body mass, strength, flexibility, and bone density, along with the increase in body weight and body fat. Inactivity with aging is the primary factor in these changes, because physical activity levels are one of the most important factors affecting body composition from childhood through old age. (Adams, K., OShea, P., Shea, K. 1999) Our knowledge of the affects of aging on fatigability, endurance, the ability to maintain force and power output is limited, and the few studies that have been performed are inconclusive. It is therefore important to assess these areas to give a more detailed account of muscle fatigue, endurance, and contractibility of aging humans. The results of the studies could prove beneficial in helping to prepare older humans to overcome and enhance his or her ability to live an independent lifestyle. With advancing age, muscle volume is reduced, and the aging atrophy, referred to as sarcopenia is accompanied by a decrease in muscle strength. The reduction in muscle strength seems to be equal for both sexes, but women are generally weaker than men throughout all ages. (Lindstrom, B., Lexell, J., Gerdle, B., Since gait pattern also changes with age, especially in women, older individuals have an increased risk of falls and hip fractures. However, both arm and leg muscles in aging men and women can adapt successfully to increased use, in particular following periods of heavy resistance training. Physical exercise is therefore, considered beneficial in reducing the risk of muscle atrophy among older humans. (Linstrom, et al., 1997) It has been suggested that once strength declines below certain threshold levels required for activities of daily living, significant f...

Stress and Emphasize

Stress and Emphasize Stress and Emphasize Stress and Emphasize By Maeve Maddox A reader says, Your thoughts re â€Å"stress† and â€Å"emphasize† would be appreciated. As transitive verbs, stress and emphasize are used interchangeably with the meaning â€Å"to accentuate or draw attention to.† For example: Employers  stress the need  for communication, collaboration, critical thinking and creativity. Speakers Stress Need to Consult More Closely with Contributors of Peacekeeping Personnel Avian Influenza Findings  Emphasize  the  Need  for Good Biosecurity. Council members  emphasize the need  to take action to develop the Former Bennett Freeze Area. The substitution of emphasize for stress in the context of language study would not be incorrect, but stress is the more common choice: The word present is a two-syllable word. If we stress the first syllable, it is a noun or an adjective. But if we  stress the second syllable, it becomes a verb. [In poetry scansion] a foot is an iamb if it consists of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable, so the word remark is an iamb. The verb stress has a third meaning unrelated to emphasize: â€Å"to subject [sub-JEKT] to hardship, affliction, or oppression.† Here are examples of this use: Teachers stressed by escalating demands Everyday Problems  Stress Teachers  the Most If youre a mom  of a child with autism, what most  stresses  you? Although the verb stress is sufficient, many speakers add the particle out: What Stresses Americans Out the Most? Tell us whats stressing  you  out, and  you  could win a $100 Taichi Wellness gift certificate. Stress and emphasize are interchangeable when the meaning is â€Å"to draw attention to† or â€Å"to accentuate,† but not when the meaning is â€Å"to make tense and anxious.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:16 Substitutes for â€Å"Because† or â€Å"Because Of†20 Rules About Subject-Verb AgreementA "Diploma" is not a "Degree"

Media- a secret ally of violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media- a secret ally of violence - Essay Example during dinner preparation and other activities, while children are most likely to find an enjoyable program somewhere on the dial at any time of the day or night. However, the types of programming selected have often had a negative impact on those who watch it. By glamorizing violence, the media has destructive effect on the youth, adolescence and the society. Because of the powerful way in which the media has focused on violent and antisocial behavior, the media deliberately misinforms, making the viewers fearful, suspicious and cynical. Because of its bias toward bad news, the media feeds a perception that the world is a violent, dangerous place. As a result, the viewers come to overestimate the rate of violence. â€Å"The prevalence of bad news and the power of image encourage children and us to overestimate the chance of accident, risk of disease, the frequency of marital infidelity.† The writer then went on to explain that â€Å"the average policemen, for example, never fires a gun in action and most Americans are monogamous.† (240). With these images flashing in their minds every evening, the viewers become negative, mistrustful of others and withdrawn, and cease to believe in progress. In the age of information, many Americans instead feel utterly alone and depressed. Even worse than creating a world in which so many people feel alone and unable to trust their fellow man, the media causes the viewers to fail to sympathize with the victim. Viewers become accustomed to the violence scene on television with scenes that involve bloodshed, raping and other acts of extreme violence. This creates a situation in which the viewers are emotionally desensitized in real life violence. â€Å"There is near-unanimity by now among investigators that exposure to media violence contributes to lowering barriers to aggression among some viewers.† (234). Demoralized by the violence scenes, the viewer finds it easier to identify with the aggressor and the aggressor’s

The Smythe Family - Rupert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Smythe Family - Rupert - Essay Example From the family’s financial problems, it became extremely difficult for Rupert to adjust to the entire situation. Rupert’s situation can only be understood through highlighting factors anti-discriminatory practice and empowerment, psychological factors, health promotion and communication, multi-professional working and Sociology of health and illness. Anti-discriminatory practice and empowerment Rupert seems to be undergoing stigma and isolation in an attempt to deal with the family situation. Aymer & Okitikpi (2009) state that, feelings of stigma and isolation for extensive periods emanate from the fact that the individual has been through stress and depression. On the other hand, Parker & Penhale (2007) indicate that feelings of stigma and discrimination in society are the result of Rupert’s withdrawal symptoms from other persons in the society. It is justified to argue that Rupert is undergoing segregation from his friends of his former social class and findin g his way within another social class has proven to be an uphill task. Consequently, Rupert is developing issues with his social skills and perceives everything in society as negative. In response, Rupert cuts down on communication with his parents and is completely alienated from his family’s life. ... At the family level, Rupert feels that he is the ‘black sheep’ and leading a secret life; in his perception it is the best solution to his predicaments. Rupert should be empowered to go beyond his feelings of disappointment and act towards making his life better. Empowerment has been credited for its ability to direct individuals towards moving beyond their stressors to achieving their goals and objectives as supported by Jones (2004). Psychological factors Psychological factors are useful in the explaining of Rupert’s changed behavior. Durand & Barlow (2011) indicate that individuals are rational beings who have the ability to weigh options before embarking on any move. In addition, Shumake, Ockene & Riekert (2008) argue that it is almost obvious that individuals act in accordance with their own interests. The move by Rupert to alienate himself from his family is simply an irrational decision. Studies done by Salk (1914) on cognitive simplification process in dec ision making indicate, that most individuals are prone to error in making choices. In this case, it is vital that individuals weigh all options before making the final decision regarding dilemmatic situations. Salk also suggests that life is an error-making and an error-correcting process. Emotions, according to psychologists, play a great role in influencing an individual’s decision making. Schneider (2010) indicates that if a person is in a low mood, they tend to make unreasonable decisions that at most extreme circumstances can cost them their life. In this case, Rupert made has used poor judgment into making decisions that makes him more vulnerable than previously. He has in turn resulted into indulgence

Bank Competition and Financial Stability Research Paper

Bank Competition and Financial Stability - Research Paper Example Cross-border mergers and entry of foreign banks into the developing countries have been consistent. Consolidation leads to efficiency and scale economy arguments, but accompanying it rises debates regarding the stability (Cooper, 2008). Economic Theory comes up with ambiguous results about the structure of the market and the competitiveness and stability of the banking sector. Empirical findings also provide similar ambiguous results (Beck, 2008, pp 1). There are basically two thoughts relevant in identifying the relation between financial stability and bank competition. One, the completion fragility view infers that any competition within the market will result in lowering of the profits for the firms since competition decreases market power. Two, the competition-stability view infers that as the banks become more powerful in the loan market, they keep taking higher risks (Allen & Gale, 2004). This paper will therefore offer a critical insight into understanding the key variables of the relationship between financial stability and bank competition. Stability and Competition Detragiache defines banking distress as when nonperforming assets reach a significantly large percent of total assets, emergency measures are taken to assist the banking system and large-scale bank nationalizations take place. Honohan and Laeven tell how the financial crisis have spread all over the globe where both big and small countries have been hit. Failures of large international banks, which have branches in the small countries, have affected the developing economies as well. Bank stability has been measured in terms of levels or closeness to bankruptcy. Researchers usually use the Z-score which is measured by the sum of capital asset ratio and the return on assets weighted by the standard deviation of return of assets (Beck, 2008, pp 4). Another measure has been the non-performing loan ratio as an indicator of fragility. Both exclude actual bank failures. Bank competition measures i nclude market structure measures such as Herfindahl indices and concentration ratios which are crude measures. Next, there is H-statistic which measures the reaction of input to output prices. Lastly, Regulatory framework indicators such as entry requirements, barriers and other restrictions allow indications competition (Beck, 2008, Pp 6, 7). Theoretical predictions Theoretical models have reported contrasting predictions on the bank stability and concentration. Most theoretical models avoid making distinctions between concentration and competition and resort to one to one mapping from market structure to competitive behavior of the banks. Under this we have two hypotheses. Competition-Fragility Hypothesis: Certain models infer that less competitive banking structures are more stable and fragility is prevented by the buffer generated by the profits. It also creates opportunities for additional risk undertaking (Beck, 2008, pp 7-8). In a competitive scenario with profits getting squ eezed, banks take to more risk undertaking resulting in greater fragility. On the other hand, under limited competition banks have greater profit opportunities and do not resort to additional risks (Allen and Gale 2000, 2004). Another scenario where competition can impact stability in the interbank market and payment system. Perfect competition prevents banks from providing liquidity to banks hit by temporary shortages.

Outsourcing In The Hotel Industry Business Essay

Outsourcing In The Hotel Industry Business Essay Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction Outsourcing is the opportunity for the organization in hospitality industry and some others industry as well which can provide service and product for them and can enhance their profitability without producing things are internally. As an example Hotels can outsource their food and beverage, marketing process, HR process etc., from their outsource provider. By outsourcing firms can get more opportunity in the market to run their business in a better way.Becouse it can be really risk free and more productive in terms of the flexibility and availability. According to Fair and Shaw (1997) abstract, outsourcing can be defined as the process of acquiring an item that the company cannot produce internally. It engages delegating or replacementing an internal service or role with an external service which is provided by experts who are skilful in the condition of that service accordingly. In another way outsourcing is the way to operate a business with less management and operation risk and within a time frame. It can increase the profitability within the organization and can enhance the brand image in terms of better service and efficiency. Because when firms prefer the outsource rather than doing things by won they can get some more option and more trust and less risk which can make their service more effective and productive. 1.2 Problem Statement In the new global economy, outsourcing has becoming a central issue among expert in the hotel industry. Outsourcing is a method, which has been adapted by various companies to provide various services to customers and employees. Someone else, from an external resource, implements outsoaring. By using this method, it helps the company to reduce cost. Most companies use outsourcing/third party for better efficiency. Established company utilize this method to improve their service quality. Outsourcing provides specialised functions to help complete the task. In fact, many hotels are opting for the outsourcing business strategy to help the hotel business in keeping up with their rival hotel and the same time cut on their cost. In the research paper it discussed that the benefit of hotels outsourcing of HR and Marketing section. So, the problem statement is To what extant hotels are benefited by doing outsourcing -a study on Holiday Inn hotel. In the research work, the researcher must have very clear understanding of the topic or problem they are investigating. Without clear and sufficient theoretical knowledge it will become difficult to conduct any research work. For my research topic it is important to acquire theoretical knowledge about the functions of outsourcing in order to analyse the importance, impact and prospects of outsourcing. This research work could not be completed properly without collecting data and gathering information correctly and using them appropriately. A lot of text books, reference books, journals and reports were consulted to prepare this research work in line of the aim and objectives of the research work. The most important task was to get the primary data from the management team of Holiday Inn Hotel. 1.3 Research Question Its absolutely essential to develop a research question that I interested in or care about in order to focus my research and my paper .This study is set up to answer following research question To do outsourcing is a good idea for hotel business? Is Outsourcing more effective than doing things by own? How outsourcing can give some extra benefit for the organization? How outsourcing can reduce the cost and risk for the organization? What are the main reasons for outsourcing HR and Marketing process? How outsourcing has positively contributed to the financial position of the hotel? How correctly executed outsourcing can enhance the hotels competitiveness? 1.4 Significance/scope of the research This research can help individuals, especially decision-makers and planners, as well as firms identify the various components of outsourcing that can bring many potential benefits, such as cost reduction, performance improvement, flexibility, specialisation, and access to innovation on the business of hotels by utilising it. It is a fact that most companies are at under great pressure to take up outsourcing as a major competition. The Hotel Industry is one of the thriving businesses in the world. In fact, in this globalised world many hotels are opting for the outsourcing business strategy to help the hotel business in keeping up with their rival hotels and at the same time cut on their cost. For this case study I want to try to find out to what degree the hotels can benefit from outsourcing their HR process and Marketing process from the study of Holiday Inn hotel in Brentwood, UK. There are two types of outsourcing which is implemented in the hotel industry. This includes selective outsourcing and complete outsourcing. Selective outsourcing pertains to certain functions which are chosen for outsourcing, which can be the database of customers or accounts records of the hotel and etc. On the other hand, complete outsourcing refers to the whole function which is outsourced. Though hotels are recognising the importance of outsourcing, this does not mean that this business strategy is applicable to all. Outsourcing can be viewed as the process whereby activities traditionally carried out internally is contracted out to external providers. Outsourcing has become a significant facet of modern hotel management. As the market for outsourcing grows, it will have a dramatic impact on how businesses are structured, managed and viewed by owners, employees, and customers. In spite of fairly extensive coverage given to hotel outsourcing management issues, there has been limited academic research in this area. Besides, no specific accounting focused studies concerned with hotel outsourcing have been found in the literature. 1.5 Research Objectives The purpose of this research work is to examine and assess the effectiveness of outsourcing of the hotel. The main objective of this research is to examine and discuss the influence the outsourcing of the hotel and its impact on cost and benefits. This research work also aims to provide an insight of how important the outsourcing is to increase the productivity of the hotel. Outsourcing carries significant implications for a hotels cost structure and control procedures. In light of this, it is important that hotel accountants are appropriately equipped to play an active role in outsourcing decision-making and control. The objective of this research is to provide a management accounting perspective on issues surrounding hotel outsourcing management. This work outlines the many costs and benefits that should be considered when deciding whether to outsource. The objectives are as follows: To criticallydiscuss the effect and influence the outsourcing of the hotel on business performance. To study about how does outsourcing is managed by the hotel. To discuss and identify critically how it helps cut costs while managing outsourcing. To discuss about how it help compete with other hotels in order to cut costs and earn profits for the hotel. 1.6 Ethical Issues In preparing my research project it is important that I need to consider with the ethical issues that will arise when I was collecting data and trying to make communication with people. I also believe seriously the human rights and wrong of what I may be undertaking and the moral values and principles that guide my actions. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I have done my communication section very clearly and sincerely for the understanding of the nature and reasons for my research, whom it may benefit and how, and what costs or risks are involved for informants. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I respect peoples even they are not cooperate with me, or pull out from the project. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I also tried to avoid, or at least acquire some ladder to reduce, pointless Destruction, hazard or false to the collection of people I was learning and working with them as well as sourcing embarrassment to them. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ I tried to protect the individuality of respondents where essential and treat them with respect. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ For the privacy I did not allowed any third parties access to sensitive information I may have obtain. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regarding the confidentiality it was totally in memory contracts with the person, the group of people, or an organisation, about what may be done with their data. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Regarding the anonymity I can give the certainty that there was a require of identifiers vis-à  -vis information that basically indicate which individuals or organisations provided which data. Consideration of the above issues clearly I can take it very critically when I need to handle the responsive information. 1.7 Hypotheses Successful implementation of outsourcing can result in enhanced brand recognition and profitable for the hotels. Outsourcing can reduce cost and risk and can give some better feedback for the organization. Outsourcing can enhance hotels competitiveness Outsourcing can be a positive contribution for the financial position of the hotel Chapter 2 2.0 Literature review 2.1 Introduction of Literature review 2.2 Outsourcing Contract with two organization one is outsource supplier and another one is outsource holder . most of the big companies currently prefer the outsource process for their different type of service, such as call canter services, food and beverage outlet-mail services, recruitment process ,Marketing and HR process. Those processing can be handle by the supplier and outsource holders can trust them fully because outsourcing providers basically more careful and aware regarding their responsibilities. Knowles and also Davis .Lockwood, Pantelidis and Alcott (2008) define contract catering and food services management as operations that provide meals in outlets that do not have the provision to produce them. Moreover Coates (1971 cited by Wilson, Murray, Black and McDowell 1998:74) define a contract caterer as: An individual or company, who in recognition of financial reward, will undertake to administer, control and direct a specified catering operation within the guidelines stipulated by the [client] company. 2.3 Reasons of outsourcing Although the main objective of outsourcing is often cost reduction, many companies fail to realize any cost benefits. In particular, Gartner is predicting that by 2007, 80% of organizations that outsource customer service projects with the primary goal of cutting costs, will fail in that attempt. Part of the reasoning behind this statistic is the high staff attrition rates at outsourcing companies, sometimes as high as 80% to 100%. Combine this added cost from attrition along with the hidden costs of client loss due to increased frustration and its clear that an outsourcing engagement, if not careful monitored, can easily fail. Among the lots of reason of outsourcing some key reasons are flexibility, cost reducing, availability, good quality etc. All those factors are influencing the organizations of hospitality industry to go for outsourcing. It can reduce the risk management for the particular organization as well. Another important reason for outsourcing is the time convenience in terms of quick service. Outsourcing is an important phenomenon in hotel sector. It is changing from a tactical to a strategic perspective, with greater scope and relevance to the creation of competitive advantages. The opening up of hotels to outsourcing and strategic alliances improves individual competitiveness, but also has strong repercussions on destinations, especially those in a stage of maturity and requiring new approaches to improve competitiveness. This change in inter organizational relationships to a strategic perspective requires new theoretical and practical frameworks to make it easier for hotels to outsource their operations with greater potential for competitive advantage. 2.4 Outsourcing and organizational performance Outsourcing is attractive to senior management because it improves some of the Dimensions of organizational performance (Lilly et al., 2005). According to the survey, conducted by Accenture and the Economist Intelligence Unit, two-thirds of the respondents all of whom had been outsourcing a major business process for at least two years agreed that outsourcers who know how to manage the process can enhance their companys performance and achieve a high level of satisfaction with the results (Lacey and Blumberg, 2005).Gilley and Rasheed (2000) proposed that organizational performance in hotels improves for three reasons. First, an increased focus on a firms core competencies is an important benefit associated with outsourcing (Dess et al., 1995; Gilley and Rasheed, 2000; Kotabe and Murray, 1990; Venkatraman, 1997). The evolving literature on core competencies has been concerned with the make-or-buy decision that every firm faces. Should a hotel run its own restaurant, clean its own rooms and common areas, and trim its own trees, or should it outsource these tasks to vendors that specialise in catering, janitorial services and grounds keeping (Espino-RodrÄ ±Ã‚ ´guez and Padro ´n-Robaina, 2005; Taylor, 2005; Walker and Weber, 1987)? Ronald Coase (1937) first tackled this question 70 years ago in a classic article. His broad argument was similar to Adam Smiths: if an outside party can do the work more efficiently and inexpensively than can the firm itself, then the outside party ought to do it: if the firms employees can do the job better, then the work ought to remain in-house (Bahli, 2002; Espino-RodrÄ ±Ã‚ ´guez and Padro ´n-Robaina, 2005; Taylor, 2005). 2.5 Conclusion of literature review There are a number of studies that focus on explaining the effect of outsourcing. Abraham and Taylor (1996) find that firms contract out services with the objectives of smoothing production cycles and benefiting from specialisation. Raa and Wolff (2001) find a positive association between the rate of outsourcing and productivity growth (Jiang and Qureshi, 2006). Elmuti (2003) also provided support for empirical evidence for an outsourcing-productivity relationship. He found that outsourcing accounted for about 40 per cent of the variance in productivity. Many outsourcing studies in hospitality industry debate the advantages and disadvantages contractor catering and food service management operations. This research critically discuses to what extent hotels can benefit from outsourcing their food and beverage operation. A hotel may benefit from outsourcing their Food and beverage facility because managers can focus on their core competency. Also, it brings to the hotels external suppliers investment and with it innovation at minimum financial risk. For this reasons hotels are likely to gain better competitive advantage. Chapter 3 3.0 Methodology 3.1 The nature of study In light of the substantial international literature describing hotel outsourcing, it appears that outsourcing in hotels is relatively limited. Like there are some key sections for outsourcing for the hotel Industry those are HR process, marketing and pay roll. 3.2 Source of Data and Data Collection Procedure The research has been conducted with primary data. For the primary data collection process I used the qualitative date collection process which is interview base. For my study I chose structure interview and prepared a list of question. Based on my question I have done my interview through asking question step by step which helped me to get result very clearly. 3.3 Population and Sample Size of this Study Holiday Inn is the UKs largest and fastest-growing hotel brand with over 580 budget hotels and more than 40,000 rooms across the UK and Ireland And from all of them my research area is Holiday Inn Brentwood, UK, were considered as the population for this study. From the management team 8 to 10 were selected as the respondents for collecting the data for my research. The responses of the respondents interviewed were analysed to gain insights into qualitative aspects of the outsourcing activities used by their firms. Qualitative analysis of the collected data from the respondents firms has been made. 3.4 Interview Question The research data were collected using Interview Question. At first a request letter were e-mailed to all the operation management team of the Holiday Inn Hotel , a population of more than 8 team members in total. In all, 3 responses were received, representing a response rate of over 40%. And finally got the appointment for the interview with the Operation Manager of Holiday Inn Hotel and two of the members from their management team. Non-response bias may also possibly have affected the results. Respondents were asked to answer their question step by step .interview question was divided into three sections, each of which is detailed below. A copy of the questionnaire is included as Appendix 2. Interview with Operation Manager It was a face to face interview and the time period was one hour. There was a sample question which contains 3 sections. All regarding outsourcing of Holiday Inn hotel. First section was regarding outsourcing functions and benefits; second section was regarding the suppliers and quality of outsourcing and the third section was the opinion part of the respondent. Interview with the management team members It was also a face to face group interview with two management team members. It was more than 30 munities discussion and was a very effective session for my research. Location The interviews were in Holiday Inn Brentwood M25, Jct.28, and Brook Street, Brentwood, CM14 5NF United Kingdom. Other details The research was conducted between 5th December and 6th December 2010.Respondant was Ujjal Chwdhury the operation Manager, Ashfaq Khan and Azaz Bhimani the management team members.The researcher is Farhana Sorker. 4.0 Finding and Analysis 4.1 Background of the organization The first Holiday Inn opened in  Memphis,Tennessee  in  1952. The chain was established to provide inexpensive accommodations for families and travelers within the US. It was acquired by the Intercontinental Hotels Group  (IGH) in  1990. In October  2007, IHG announced a worldwide relaunch of the Holiday Inn brand including a redesigned welcome experience along with signature bedding and bathroom products. Included within the Holiday Inn brand is  Holiday Inn Express, a mid-priced chain of express hotels which focuses on value and convenience for business travelers who dont require more than the most standard amenities. 4.1.1 Brand Image of Holiday Inn Hotel One of the worlds most recognised hotel brands with a global reputation for service, comfort and value. Holiday Inn offer todays business and leisure travellers dependability, friendly service and modern attractive facilities at an excellent value and at convenient locations throughout the world. Since 1952 Holiday Inn Hotels have provided the services business travellers need, while also offering leisure travelers a comfortable, casual atmosphere where they can relax. And now, a global relaunch of the Holiday Inn brand family is in its final stages and is expected to be complete by the end of 2010. The relaunch will improve quality and service levels, and drive consistency, creating a new, more contemporary brand image at all Holiday Inn hotels around the world. 4.2 Summary of findings 4.2.1 Outsourcing Function in Holiday Inn Hotel Holiday Inn Hotel working with Hcareers to outsource their recruitment process which is basically working for their workforce. Hcareers have a very good image in the market as a outsource provider.And they are providing the accurate one in the accurate place for theorganization.Currently Hcareers operating their business among three countries, those are US which is Hcareers.com , Canada which is Hcareer.ca and Hcareers.co.uk in United Kingdom. And all are working for the hospitality related organization. Who are looking for the job in the hospitality sector they can go and open the page and can apply over their. Hcareers trying to provide more flexible system for the job seeker. According to the operation manager of Holiday Inn Hotel it is clear that they are really happy with Hcareers service and they are getting the right person in the right place for their organization. Also they are working with caters.com for their outsourcing And for their marketing process they are using HS company and getting all the services for their promotion process. 4.2.2 Benefits of Outsourcing Outsourcing is the exercise of getting service from outside firms to maintain work usually performed within an organization which can be a familiar concept. Holiday Inn currently outsources their recruitment processing and marketing as well. Most of organization do not concern about the benefits of outsourcing. Outsourcing can reduce cost and save money, which can be a big reason to go for outsourcing but there are some more reason as well .outsourcing can reduce the management risk for the organization and can give a financial support as well. Flexibility and availability of service or product is an good example as well. And Holiday Inn is one of the companies getting the following benefits from the outsourcing. Control capital costs:  reducing cost for the organization is not only the good point to outsourcing but also it is a really major factor. Outsourcing exchange fixed expenditure into changeable expenditure, which can make complimentary assets for savings somewhere else in their industry, and allows them to stay away from huge expenditures in the early phases of their business. Outsourcing also makes their organization more attractive for the investors, since they are able to drive extra assets in a straight line into revenue-producing performance. Increase efficiency:  Doing everything by own the companies need to follow some more investigate, expansion, promotion, and delivery charge. Thats why Holiday Inn decides to do the outsourcing process. By outsourcing they are getting more efficiency in their business. Reduce labour costs.  Maintaining the HR department by own can be very costly for an organization, and its also heard to get feedback on right time by the temporary employees. So that Hiloday Inn working with Hcarear and caters.com and this Outsourcing by which they can focus their human resources where they require them mainly. Start new projects quickly.  Holiday Inn getting the best service and facilities from their outsourcing firms. Because of the flexibility, efficiency and availability they can start a new project within a very short time and can get the services from their outsource providers as their requirement. Focus on your core business.  All organization has restricted capital, and all managers has inadequate time and concentration which is not different for Holiday Inn. Outsourcing helping them for their business to move its focal point from tangential performance toward work that hand out the customers outsourcing helpful for managers to place their precedences extra evidently. Reduce risk.  All business has some risk and they have to face it when they operate their business. Every thing can change very quickly in this world .Outsourcing providers take for granted and handle this risk for the Holiday Inn Hotel, which normally a large amount better for come to a decision how to avoid risk in their section of proficiency. 4.2.3 Suppliers Hcareer and caters.com and HS company are the outsource suppliers for Holiday Inn Hotel.Hcareer and Caters.com is for their recruitment process and HS Company is for Marketing strategy. 4.2.4 Quality maintain by outsourcing The Product Specification Quality Requirements (PSQRà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢),The ultimate goal of The PSQR is to act as a central point to assemble, share and verify critical information related to the product. The Product Specification (PS) details the products bill of materials, packaging and other physical components and their assembly or relationship together. The Quality Requirements (QR) details what is expected from the product in terms of appearance, workmanship, performance, testing and packaging. Together they form the complete PSQR, which becomes a controlled document, and becomes the marching orders for the Quality Team at the outsourced manufacturers facility to see that the product produced and shipped is equivalent to everything outlined and detailed in the PSQR. Typically, the development of the PSQR is a cumulative and additive process with a focus on continuous improvements over a reasonable amount of time. Team involvement is essential to make the PSQR comprehensive and relevant for all users. Seldom is it perfect from the start. It is only after considerable c ontributions and sharing / debating by various personalities and disciplines within the system that a PSQR can be at its peak of usefulness and relevance. All participants in the PSQR development process must pay very close attention to details to ensure success. The following template has been developed and refined over a number of years in practice of managing the quality of products at outsourced suppliers facilities. Designed to be prepared in close collaboration with the outsourced supplier it presents a standard format for compiling the Product Specifications and Quality Requirements and may easily be adapted to meet special requirements as needed. In this way Holiday Inn getting the more quality service from their supplier and controlling the quality of their company. 5.0 Recommendation The key things for outsourcing that have to have a good negotiation power when an organization decide to do any outsource, need to have a right people in contract respect to details to be actually tern on the negotiation basis and the contract need to be actually followed up so ether way in terms of breach of contact than both party should know in respect of what is can do things and what cant do things in respect to the both of the organization (Outsourcing provider and outsourcing holder) to help. And the same time the cost element effect organization can subsidise quite a lot because the delivery will be on time. So based on that its better for organization to move forward and to get a better product and resource its better to go for outsourcing. 6.0 Conclusion At the end of this research it clearly understandable that hotels are really benefited by doing outsourcing in terms of management risk and cost quality control process. It can enhance the hotels competitiveness and can reduce the operational risk which indicate that outsourcing has positively contributed to the financial position of the hotel. By outsourcing when an organization can get more benefit rather than doing things by own, so it can be happen that most organizations are really dependent on outsourcing. From the hospitality industry hotels are like Holiday Inn hotel getting a big amount benefit which is helping them to operate their business very frequently with a good quality and assured them to keep the business for long time. By this kind of facility organization can achieve their goal on time.